Buffett Lecture at University of Florida
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YOU may not know Frederic W. Cook, but if you are a shareholder or employee who has watched executive pay rocket in recent years, you are likely to be acquainted with his work.
As the nation’s leading executive compensation consultant, Mr. Cook and his colleagues at Frederic W. Cook & Company are probably responsible for creating more wealth for executives over the last 20 years than any other pay advisers.
As the US hurricane season begins, Omaha, Nebraska-based Berkshire is increasing its property and casualty sales just as rivals scale back. Buffett's prices are as much as 20 times higher than the rates prevalent a year ago, said Kevin Madden, an insurance broker at Aon Corp in New York. On some policies, premiums equal half of its maximum potential payout, he said.
During the third quarter of 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck the Gulf coast region of the Unites States producing the largest catastrophe losses for any quarter in the history of the property/casualty insurance industry. Berkshire presently estimates the total industry losses from the two hurricanes to be in the range of $60 billion to $70 billion although the final figure could vary significantly. Estimates of Berkshire’s losses from these events were recorded in the third quarter of 2005 and are subject to change as additional information concerning the nature and amount of losses becomes known. Losses incurred as of September 30, 2005, are summarized in the following table. Dollar amounts are in millions.
| GEICO | $118 |
| General Re | 602 |
| Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group | 2,268 |
The result is that global investors are diving into a wide range of riskier assets: emerging countries' stocks and bonds; real estate and real-estate-backed debt; commodity funds; fine art; private-equity funds, which buy stakes in nonpublic companies; and the investment contracts called derivatives, including a kind structured to permit the sophisticated to take huge bond risks.
For good measure, many investors use today's low interest rates to borrow money to amplify their bets. This "leverage," in effect, thus enlarges the already overflowing pool of investment capital. As these markets draw more investors, whose buying pushes up their price, prospects rise that a reversal could cause widespread pain.
The billionaire buddies answer questions—first for 2,000 Nebraska students, then for FORTUNE—on subjects ranging from who they trust to give them feedback to what they consider their biggest successes outside of business. Plus: Warren Buffett, journalist…?
At current levels, investors can buy Anheuser-Busch for less than Buffett likely paid. Chances are, over time, they won't be disappointed. The stock is trading for only 16 times analysts' 2006 earnings estimates of $2.56 a share, about in line with the overall market, but well below its historic price-earnings ratio of 22.
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The brewer also operates in a recession-resistant business, and boasts one of the world's most valuable brands. Return on invested capital is close to 20%. Bears likewise give short shrift to Anheuser's large share of the fast-growing Latino market in the U.S., and its push into emerging markets, such as China, which could provide a long-term boost to sales.
...even the most conscientious and dutiful directors, who spend at most a few dozen hours every three months attending to their duties, simply will not know as much about the business as the CEO who is on the job full-time day in and day out. In short, Hank Greenberg had a point even if he made it with a blunt instrument.
Increasing the power of directors, as many proposals for reform would do, in and of itself does nothing to address the underlying issue of the asymmetry of information, knowledge and understanding of the business that exists between CEOs and their boards. For that reason, shifting power from the CEO to the board may do more harm than good.
Down the road, investors might look back on today's markets and bemoan that the best bargains were hiding in plain sight.
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More than 20 of these companies with a market value of more than $5 billion posted operating cash flows over the most recent 12 months at least double those earned in 2000. Their shares, however, have lost ground over that stretch.
No, I’m not talking about adjustable-rate mortgages—everybody, including my dog Lucy, knows about all the ARMs being sold. And I’m not talking about interest-only mortgages—the commotion over which has probably reached my cat Marvin, it’s so overblown. I’m not even talking about the so-called “Freedom Loan” ol’ Ben pushes—called the “Prison Loan” by his competitors.
I’m talking about “low documentation” loans:
Miller's fund, Legg Mason Value Trust (LMVFX), has beaten the Standard & Poor's 500 every year for the past 14 years. While other managers have outperformed the index over that period, no one has come close to beating it every single calendar year. Over lunch at Legg Mason's Baltimore headquarters, Miller talked about the lessons he's learned from Santa Fe, his contrarian investing philosophy and the stocks he thinks will keep his winning streak alive.
Traditional debt-to-equity ratios don't work for many companies because the largest single indebtedness -- operating leases -- is in many cases not on the balance sheet. This is most true of multi-unit operators like retailers and restaurant companies, but it can apply to virtually any company that uses operating leases heavily. Fortunately, a quick review of the annual report section on leases and a good rule of thumb can unlock the true leverage picture, often with surprising results.
Robert Woodward, The Washington Post reporter, asked Warren Buffett how he analyzed stocks:
- “Investing is reporting. I told him to imagine an in-depth article about his own paper. He’d ask a lot of questions and dig up a lot of facts. He’d know The Washington Post. And that’s all there is to it.”
- “You need a moat in business to protect you from the guy who is going to come along and offer it (your product) for a penny cheaper.”
- “If (you go into a store and) they say ‘I don’t have a Hershey bar, but I have this unmarked chocolate bar that the owner of the place recommends,’ if you’ll walk across the street to buy a Hershey bar or if you’ll pay a nickel more for the (Hershey) bar than the unmarked bar or something like that, that’s franchise value.”
- “How much more fruitful it is for us to think about whether the product is likely to sustain itself and its economics than to try to be questioning whether to jump in and out of the stock.”
- “If I’m thinking about investing in a specific company, I try to size up their business and the people running it. And as I read annual reports, I’m trying to understand generally what’s going on in all kinds of businesses. If we own stock in one company and there are eight others in the industry, I want to be on the mailing list for the annual reports of the other eight because I can’t understand how my company is doing unless I understand what the other eight are doing. I want perspective on market share, margins, the trend in margins – all
kinds of things…”- “It’s amazing how well you can do in investing with what I’d call “outside” information. I’m not sure how useful inside information is. But there’s all kinds of “outside” information around as to businesses. And you don’t have to understand all of them. You just have to understand the ones you’re thinking about investing in. And you can. But no one can do it for you.”
- “In my view, you can’t read Wall Street reports and get anything out of them. You’ve got to get your arms around it yourself. I don’t think we’ve ever gotten an idea from a Wall Street report. However, we’ve gotten a lot of ideas from annual reports. Charlie?”
- Charles Munger: “It takes a long time to read an annual report – even if the business is a comparatively simple one. If you’re really trying to understand it, it’s not a bit easy.”
* Sources for the preceding quotations: Warren Buffett Speaks by Janet Lowe, and Outstanding Investor Digest.
Herein please find ten rare lectures featured in The Rediscovered Benjamin Graham: Selected Writings of the Wall Street Legend, by Janet Lowe.
ABOUT THE LECTURES.
These lectures are from the series entitled Current Problems in Security Analysis that Mr. Graham presented at the New York Institute of Finance from September 1946 to February 1947
The scope of this publication is greater than any we have written in our 30-year history. The purpose in writing this report is to point out that financially speaking, we are living in historic times. It is extremely unusual for all major asset classes (stocks, bonds, and real estate) to have been bid up to what appears to us as unsustainable levels, all at the same time.
Today, we are seeing market conditions this country has experienced perhaps only four times in the last 80 years. However, each time these similar conditions occurred, they created enormous opportunities for great returns. Therefore, while we want to point out the financial problems that are worrisome, we also want to prepare you for the future investment opportunities they will create.
More investing wisdom from Munger. Improve the way you think!
http://www.focusinvestor.com/FocusSeriesPart3.pdf
Successful long-term money managers, Whitney Tilson says, share 16 traits, divided equally between personal characteristics and professional habits. Understanding these traits not only helps you identify exemplary professional money managers, but may also help you understand how you stack up as an individual investor.